How to read steel structure project documentation?
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- On 09/05/2026
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What does steel structure project documentation contain?
Steel structure project documentation is a set of drawings, specifications and technical requirements that define the conditions for fabrication, inspection and installation of the structure. Understanding the documentation helps clients make informed decisions, compare quotes and monitor project progress.
Key documents and their contents
1. General Specification
The general specification describes the overall project requirements: applicable standards, execution class (EXC1–EXC4), material requirements, welding processes and the scope of quality control. This is the top of the document hierarchy – all other documents must conform to it.
2. Structural Drawings
Structural drawings show the general layout, dimensions and connections of the structure. From these drawings you can find:
- Views and sections – position of the structure in space
- Beam and column marks – unique code for each element
- Dimension lines – element lengths, heights, spacings
- Anchor plate locations – connection points to the foundation
3. Shop Drawings (Fabrication Drawings)
Shop drawings are prepared based on structural drawings and contain precise dimensions for fabricating each element. Shop drawings show:
- Exact dimensions and cuts for each part
- Weld locations and types (per ISO 2553)
- Locations of holes, plates and stiffeners
- Surface finish and preparation requirements
4. Material Take-Off (Bill of Materials)
The material list contains all structural components with steel grades (e.g. S355J2), dimensions and quantities. This document is needed for material ordering and quantity verification.
5. Welding Plan (WPS)
The welding plan describes welding processes, parameters and welder qualification requirements. EN 1090-2 requires that all welding is carried out by certified welders according to approved welding procedure specifications (WPS).
How to read a steel structure drawing?
Reading steel grade designations
Steel grade designations on drawings follow European standard EN 10025. For example, S355J2+N means:
- S – structural steel
- 355 – minimum yield strength 355 N/mm²
- J2 – impact toughness at –20°C
- +N – normalized rolling
Read more about steel selection: S235, S275 and S355 comparison.
Reading weld symbols (ISO 2553)
Weld symbols on drawings describe the type, dimensions and location of welds. Main elements:
- Reference line – shows weld location
- Symbol above/below – weld type (fillet, butt, V-groove)
- Number before symbol – throat dimension (a) or leg length (z)
Understanding Execution Classes (EXC)
There are four execution class levels defining fabrication and inspection stringency:
- EXC1 – simple structures, low risk
- EXC2 – standard construction (residential, industrial buildings) – most common
- EXC3 – higher risk structures (bridges, stadiums)
- EXC4 – structures of special importance
Steel Element works primarily at EXC2 level, holding the required CE marking and EN 1090-2 certification.
What should the client check in the documentation?
- Steel grade: does the specified grade meet project requirements?
- Execution class: is the manufacturer certified for the required EXC level?
- Welding certificate: do welders hold valid qualifications?
- Corrosion protection plan: what are the surface preparation and painting requirements?
- Inspection plan: what tests are performed (NDT, visual)?
Steel Element – transparent documentation and communication
Steel Element OÜ ensures that all delivered structures are accompanied by complete documentation, including material certificates (EN 10204 3.1), welding records and quality documents. Our team can advise you on reading documentation and interpreting project requirements. Contact us »